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Ole Ivar Lovaas
Ole Ivar Løvaas PhD (8 May 1927 – 2 August 2010)〔(Autism Support Network ).〕〔(Campbell, Victoria. Pioneer in autism treatment dies ),〕 was a Norwegian-American clinical psychologist and professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He is considered to be pioneer within the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA) through his development of the Lovaas technique. He was the first to provide evidence that the behavior of children with autism can be modified through teaching.〔("Lovaas Revisited: Should we ever have left?" ), by Steve Buchman, bbbautism.com, Retrieved on 28 January 2009.〕 In 1999, the U.S. Office of the Surgeon General described Lovaas's techniques as having been shown to be efficacious at "reducing inappropriate behavior and in increasing communication, learning, and appropriate social behavior" which is based on thirty years of data.
==Lovaas Method==
Dr. Ole (oola) Ivar Lovaas received his undergraduate degree in psychology in 1951 from Luther College and doctoral degree in clinical psychology in 1958 from the University of Washington where his work was influenced by prominent psychologists such as Sidney Bijou, Donald Baer, Montrose Wolf, Todd Risley and James Sherman. The decades of contributions Dr. Lovaas made to the field of applied research lead to him being known as “The Father of ABA.” Findings of independent peer reviewed and replicated research studies associated with the Lovaas method, have shown that 47% of children can achieve normal functioning and subsequently succeed in regular education without assistance, 43% will make significant progress but continue to demonstrate language delays, 10% will make little progress, though some have disputed these findings.
In his original studies in the late 1950s aversives such as electric shock successfully treated many individuals engaging in extreme self-injury (eye gouging, head banging) whose life expectancy was reduced by secondary infection. Subsequent studies were on extinction methods, in which attention is given only when persons are not engaging in self-injury. The "Lovaas Method" includes high treatment intensity up to 40-hours per week in a 1:1 teaching setting using discrete trials, treatment is done at home with parents involved in every aspect of treatment, the curriculum is highly individualized with a heavy emphasis on teaching language, and ABA principles are used to motivate learning and reduce non-desired behaviors. The "Lovaas Method" went on the become "Early Intensive Behavior Intervention" or "EIBI." In addition to being one of the founders of ABA, Dr. Lovaas taught now prominent behaviorists such as Tristram Smith, Ron Leaf, Robert Koegel, Laura Schreibman, Jackie Wynn, and over 20,000 UCLA students who took his course during his 50 years of teaching. He contributed in major ways to the Autism Society of America (ASA), published 100’s of research articles and books, received state and national awards, and forced school districts to adopt evidenced based teaching programs. His work influenced how autism was treated, and improved the lives of parents and children stricken with the autism diagnosis worldwide.
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